Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cannula placements. A, Figure 1D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: GluA23Y). B, Figure 2A–C (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: G2CT). C, Figure 2D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: GluA23Y). D, Figure 3A–C (white circles: PI; black circles: RI). E, Figure 3D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). F, Figure 4D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). G, Figure 5D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). H, Figure 6A–C (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y).

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interfering with AP2-dependent GluA2/AMPAR removal and delayed onset of GluA23Y infusions prevent forgetting of long-term object location memories. A–C, Inhibiting AP2-dependent synaptic removal of GluA2/AMPARs prevents forgetting (see Fig. 8B for cannula placements). A, Animals were trained as before (Fig. 1D), but instead of GluA23Y, the peptide G2CT (n = 7, inactive control peptide, Ctrl, n = 7) was infused to interfere with the binding of AP2 to GluA2 to attenuate activity-dependent synaptic removal of GluA2/AMPARs. B, Only animals infused with G2CT preferred exploring the object at the new location, expressing significantly stronger novelty preference than the animals infused with the inactive control peptide (Ctrl). C, There were no group differences in exploratory activity. D–F, Infusing GluA23Y can prolong remote memories shortly before they would be naturally forgotten (see Fig. 8C for cannula placements). D, Seven days after the last training session (i.e., on day 8 after training), shortly before rats normally would forget the location memory (see Fig. 1A–C), animals received GluA23Y infusions into the dorsal hippocampus twice daily for 6 d. Twenty-four hours after the last infusion (or 14 d after the end of training), memory for object location was assessed by moving one of the objects to a novel location. E, Animals infused with GluA23Y (n = 7) preferred to explore the object at the new location, whereas animals that had received the inactive control variant (Ctrl, n = 6) explored both objects for an equal amount of time. The group difference was significant. F, Exploratory activity was the same for both groups.

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing, Variant Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploratory behavior during training sessions

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: The Ultra-Potent and Selective TLR8 Agonist VTX-294 Activates Human Newborn and Adult Leukocytes

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058164

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Seven TLR agonists were compared. (B) Representative structures of the TLR7/8 agonists used in this study. HEK-293 cells transfected with (C) human TLR7 and (D) TLR8 and an NF-κB-driven reporter SEAP gene were stimulated for 18–24 h with TLR agonists. The y-axis shows the level of SEAP activity in the Quanti-blue™ assay optical density (OD). The x-axis shows the concentration of each compound in µM. Each data point represents the mean ± SD of OD at 650 nm of triplicate culture wells. VTX-217 (black) is a structurally matched negative control for VTX-744 (gray), VTX-087 (purple) and VTX-294 (red). The IMQ benchmarks R848 and CL075 are denoted in blue and green, respectively.

Article Snippet: VTX-217 (a negative control with a similar core structure to other VTX compounds but with modifications to make inactive towards TLRs 7/8), VTX-744 (TLR8), VTX-087 (TLR8) and VTX-294 (TLR8) (VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA) were produced using a method of synthesis of substituted benzazepine derivatives .

Techniques: Transfection, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Negative Control